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Testicle punction

MESA (microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration) was the first sperm retrieval technique created. It is a surgical retrieval of sperm with a small amount of liquid from epididymis.

PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) is the sperm retrieval by epididymal puncture and aspiration o epididymal liquid. It is indicated for patients with obstruction of vans deferens such as in vasectomy.

TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) is a testicular puncture and aspiration for sperm retrieval. It is indicated in cases of complete absence of spermatozoon in the ejaculate.